Colon cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the colon, which is the longest part of the large intestine. There are different colon cancer types based on the specific cells where the cancer originates. The main types of colon cancer include. Best colon cancer hospital in hyderabad
Adenocarcinomas:
This is the most common type of colon cancer, accounting for approximately 95% of cases. Adenocarcinomas develop from the glandular cells that line the inside of the colon and rectum. These cells produce mucus and help with nutrient absorption.
Carcinoid tumors:
These are rare types of colon tumors that develop from neuroendocrine cells. Carcinoid tumors grow slowly and may produce hormones that can cause various symptoms.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs):
GISTs are rare tumors that can occur in the colon, as well as other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. They develop from specialized cells called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which regulate the movement of food through the digestive system.
Lymphomas:
Although uncommon, lymphomas can occur in the colon. Lymphomas are cancers that originate from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Most colon lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Changes in bowel habits:
Persistent changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or a change in the consistency of stools, may occur. You may also notice narrower stools than usual.
Blood in the stool:
Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool may be a sign of colon cancer. Blood may appear as bright red or dark, tarry stools.
Abdominal discomfort:
Cramps, pain, or persistent discomfort in the abdomen, including gas, bloating, or feeling full after eating a small meal, can be symptoms of colon cancer.
Unexplained weight loss:
Sudden and unexplained weight loss, without any known cause, can be an indication of various underlying health issues, including colon cancer.
Fatigue and weakness:
Generalized fatigue, weakness, or a persistent feeling of tiredness can be symptoms of colon cancer, especially if they are accompanied by other signs.
Iron deficiency anemia:
Chronic bleeding from the colon due to cancer can lead to iron deficiency anemia, which may cause fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
Bowel obstruction:
In some cases, colon cancer may cause a partial or complete obstruction of the bowel, leading to severe abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, nausea, and vomiting.
The exact cause of colon cancer is often unknown, but it is believed to develop as a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Best colon cancer treatment in hyderabad
Age:
The risk may increases with age. Most cases are diagnosed in individuals over the age of 50, although it can occur in younger individuals as well.
Family history and genetics:
Having a family history of colon cancer or certain hereditary conditions, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer), increases the risk of developing cancer. These conditions are associated with specific genetic mutations that can predispose individuals to the disease.
Personal history of polyps or colorectal cancer:
A history of adenomatous polyps (precancerous growths) in the colon or a previous diagnosis of colorectal cancer increases the risk of developing new colon cancer.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD):
Chronic inflammatory conditions of the colon, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, can increase the risk.
Diet and lifestyle:
A diet high in red and processed meats, low in fiber, fruits, and vegetables, as well as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and heavy alcohol consumption, have been associated with an increased risk.
Smoking:
Long-term smoking has been linked to an increased risk of developing colon cancer.
Diabetes:
Individuals with diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, have an increased risk.
Radiation exposure:
Previous radiation treatments for other cancers in the abdominal or pelvic area may slightly increase the risk of developing colon cancer.
